Mechanism and patterns of control for complex systems with human participation

Many systems, such as transportation systems, the information super highway and urban systems, lie between natural systems and man-made systems. These kinds of systems, which have both the self-organization on phenomena of natural systems and the organization of man-made systems, are called complex systems with human participation (CSHP). The mechanism of control for CSHP is essentially the self-organization/organization cooperation. This paper discusses the concept of CSHP and the mechanism and patterns of control for CSHP. Finally, a case study of control for transportation systems, the typical CSHP, is given to properly illustrate the mechanism and the serial pattern of control for CSHP.