Land surface hydrology: Interoperability among LSMs, with alternative data sources; with water management needs

1. Land hydrology modeling has made significant advances in process representation, computational resources, and data availability. Current models are based on 1990's strategies and an effort is needed to upgrade processes and numerics. 2. Interoperability between LSM and water management: models are needed at the O(10
²
-10
³
)m scale. 3. Interoperability between LSM and data: In-situ data is a huge problem outside the US, especially in near-real time. Remote sensing data (retrievals) are available for almost all water cycle variables, many art high resolution, but again real-time availability a challenge. 4. Interoperability between LSM and data: Data assimilation is a well developed tool but requires good models and data.