High throughput and scalable architecture for unified transform coding in embedded H.264/AVC video coding systems

An innovative high throughput and scalable multi-transform architecture for H.264/AVC is presented in this paper. This structure can be used as a hardware accelerator in modern embedded systems to efficiently compute the 4×4 forward/inverse integer DCT, as well as the 2-D 4×4 / 2×2 Hadamard transforms. Moreover, its highly flexible design and hardware efficiency allows it to be easily scaled in terms of performance and hardware cost to meet the specific requirements of any given video coding application. Experimental results obtained using a Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA demonstrate the superior performance and hardware efficiency levels provided by the proposed structure, which presents a throughput per unit of area at least 1.8× higher than other similar recently published designs. Furthermore, such results also showed that this architecture can compute, in realtime, all the above mentioned H.264/AVC transforms for video sequences with resolutions up to UHDV.