Control strategies for distributed energy resources to maximize the use of wind power in rural microgrids

This paper investigates the control strategies for distributed energy resources (DERs), including diesel generators, energy storage and demand response (DR), to achieve high penetration of wind energy in a rural microgrid. In such a system, it could be both economical and environmentally friendly to harness wind power and displace the consumption of fossil fuels. In the study, energy storage and DR are used to contain frequency deviations and reduce diesel generators' movement, while maximizing the use of wind energy. Detailed dynamic models of DERs and household loads are built to simulate the microgrid. Combinations of centralized (direct control) and decentralized (autonomous response) control strategies on DERs are implemented. The control capabilities of each type of DERs are also explored under different scenarios. The system responses under high wind speeds and to large disturbances are tested. Results show that coordinated DR and energy storage can effectively compensate for wind variability as well as provide desired frequency response. This consequently reduces the movements of diesel generators and thereby the amount of mechanical stress.