Evaluation of complex residual error in vector network analyzer measurement system in the range of millimeter-wave and submillimeter-wave frequencies

This paper describes a technique for the evaluation of complex residual errors in coaxial and waveguide vector network analyzer (VNA) measurements in the range of microwave, millimeter and submillimeter wave frequencies. The technique is based on reference values of scattering parameters for transmission line standards consisting of coaxial air dielectric lines and waveguide standard sections. Reference values traceable to SI-base units were calibrated for the standard transmission lines by the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ). Complex residual analyses are shown for VNA measurements with a PC-7 coaxial line system and with WR-15, WR-10 and WR-3 waveguide systems up to 330 GHz.