A 5.5-GHz 1-mW Full-Modulus-Range Programmable Frequency Divider in 90-nm CMOS Process

Operating up to 5.5 GHz with 1-mW power consumption, a 90-nm CMOS programmable frequency divider with eight stages of new static D-flip-flop-based (2/1) divider cells is presented, where the supply voltage of 1.0 V is employed. The divider achieves a full modulus range from 1 to 256 and operates over a wide range maintaining up to 4 GHz with -30-dBm input power. The divider also accomplishes a power efficiency of 12.8 GHz/mW with 0.5-V supply voltage. It is favorable for advanced processes.