Effect of Ba doping on PZT moonie actuators

Uchino et al. reported a great increase in d/sub 33/ values when PZT is encapsulated in metal end caps with shallow cavity. In this work we have studied the effect of Ba doping on d/sub 33/ values for PZT actuators. The composite actuators were made from electroded Ba doped Pb/sub 1-X/Ba/sub X/Zr/sub Y/Ti/sub 1-Y/O/sub 3/ and brass end caps. Shallow cavities 11 mm diameter were machined into the inner surface of brass end caps. Ba doping leads to an increase in d/sub 33/ values. These will be ideal for hydrophone applications.