Load balanced and energy efficient cluster head election in Wireless Sensor Networks

Even though clustering algorithms provide energy efficiency into large-scale Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), but uneven load balancing still occurs in general. Not only does this problem will not distribute energy consumption and balancing traffic loads equally within network, but this problem further makes the network cannot stay alive much longer due to short-lived cluster heads. The cluster heads which are responsible for most activities including inter-cluster and intra-cluster communications will highly consume energy more than the other types of nodes. Consequently, this study presents a cluster head election called Grid Sectoring base-on distribution of load balancing and energy consumption over both uniform and non-uniform deployment. The study partitions a squared-grid area into equal-sized clusters in order to equal number of member nodes. Along with the selection of cluster heads located nearest to a center of their clusters will equally distribute load balancing even more. Further, not only the results verified that the proposed algorithm could distribute load balancing with energy efficiency better than LEACH, ACHS, and EACHS, but the results also implied that the proposed could extend the network performance and the network lifetime even more.