Analysis and Design of D-Band Injection-Locked Frequency Dividers

D-band (110-170 GHz) injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) using the distributed-LC technique are presented. The input frequency, the locking range, and the design considerations for the D-band ILFDs are analyzed. Six ILFDs are fabricated in 65 nm CMOS process. Two of the ILFDs have locking ranges of 107.9-128.8 GHz and 153.3-162.8 GHz. Each ILFD consumes 6.27 mW from a 1.1 V power supply. The chip area is 0.49 × 0.475-mm
²
including the pads. The measurement results conform with the theoretical analysis.