2-Dimensional Ultra-Wideband Antenna Array for Amplitude Monopulse Angle of Arrival Estimation

A 2-dimensional ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna array for amplitude monopulse 3-dimensional direction finding is presented. The single antenna elements are a dielectric rod antenna excited by a conical dipole and a monocone antenna enclosed by a dielectric cylinder. The operating frequency ranges over one octave from 2-4 GHz. In an angular range from -50deg to +50deg in both delta and phi an average absolute error of 2deg was achieved. Using two auxiliary antennas integrated in the array, time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements are also applicable.