Design of E-shaped patch antennas by using the multi-conductor transmission line mode theory

This paper proposes a new circuit model for E-shaped patch antennas using the multi-conductor transmission line mode theory. First, the current modes generated on the E-shaped patch antenna are shown, and an equivalent circuit is derived from the transmission line mode theory. The equivalent circuit is analyzed in detail to obtain wideband characteristics. Then, the theoretical maximum bandwidth is derived under VSWR criterion. Finally, impedance characteristics obtained by the circuit are compared with full-wave electromagnetic simulations.