Energy-aware Spray and Wait routing in mobile opportunistic sensor networks

The Spray and Wait routing may achieve low routing and energy efficiency due to the blindness in the spray phase. To address this issue, we propose an opportunistic routing with bounded message copies, called the Energy-aware Spray and Wait (ESW), that utilizes the information about speed and residual energy to allocate the number of copies between the corresponding pair nodes in the spray phase. Simulation experiments using the ONE simulator show that our proposed scheme avoids the blind spraying of message copies and outperforms the optimal Spray and Wait in terms of delivery probability, overhead ratio and network lifetime.