Impact of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles on distribution systems

Today the electricity systems and the transportation systems face a number of challenges related to reliability, security and environmental sustainability. Electric transportation has many attractive features in today's energy environment including decreasing greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector, reducing dependence on imported petroleum, and potentially providing consumers a lower cost alternative to gasoline. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) represents the most promising approach to electrification of a significant portion of the transportation sector. The batteries of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are to be charged at home from a standard outlet, on a park lot or park deck, play as extra electrical loads, while the batteries on PHEVs can provide power to the grid when parked, known as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) concept. Considering the high penetration level of PHEVs and the charge profiles of PHEVs battery pack, the PHEVs play as the extra electrical loads have an impact on the distribution systems is analyzed in term of fault analysis in this paper.