Maximizing the use of the vertical maneuver space for conflict prevention and resolution: Concept, implementation and evaluation

In previous work it has been illustrated, that the use of a zoom-maneuver as an option for conflict prevention/resolution maneuvers can extend the solution space. When performing a zoom-maneuver as part of a conflict prevention maneuver the velocity changes, affecting the time to the predicted loss of separation. Furthermore, the exchange from kinetic to potential energy is not completely lossless. With a higher load factor, the increase in drag will reduce the efficiency of the conversion, yielding a smaller amount of gained potential energy (altitude) for the same amount of kinetic energy. Finally, the rate at which excess kinetic energy can be exchanged for altitude is limited by the allowable load factor. An important aspect is the predictability of the effects. These factors have to be taken into account when designing a conflict prevention / resolution function that relies on the ability to perform a zoom maneuver to extend the solution space. To evaluate the impact of these factors, and identify possible trade-offs, the Total Energy Control System has been enhanced with an autonomous zoom capability. Using the resulting implementation, a number of simulations have been performed for different initial conditions, load factors and vehicle configurations. This paper discusses the concept, design questions, implementation and evaluation in more detail.