Saturation-phase prediction of building-integrated photovoltaics by using agent-based simulations

Saturation phase of building-integrated photovoltaics (PV) is described, for which multi-agent simulations coupled with electric power flow analysis are carried out. The detailed power flow analysis determines the probability of reverse current occurrence due to the additional PV installation in a 6.75 kV-class power network consisting of 2500 grid-connected individual customers. The agent-based simulation including the customer agent and government agent describes the time-dependent behavior of PV saturation-phase in an artificial society as determined through the power flow analysis. Growth in share of PV is assisted by a battery installation as a reservoir for the reverse power current. On the other hand, the excessive promotion for PV installation by the government results in the increase in the cost of reverse current care.