Dynamic modeling of EMG-force relationship using parallel cascade identification

Parallel cascade identification (PCI) is used as a dynamic estimation tool to map surface electromyography recordings from upper-arm muscles to the elbow-induced force at the wrist. PCI mapping is composed of parallel connection of a cascade of linear dynamic and nonlinear static blocks. Experimental comparison between PCI and previously published orthogonalization scheme has shown superior force prediction by PCI. The improved performance is attributed to the structural capability of PCI in capturing nonlinear dynamic effects in the generated force.