Nonreciprocal coupling network for beam steering coupled oscillator arrays

A nonreciprocal coupling network for beam steering coupled oscillator arrays is proposed. The circuit is based on the nonreciprocal behavior of transistor amplifiers that were specifically designed to increase the array stability while extending the achievable scanning range. Nonreciprocal coupling phases up to ± 180° are obtained for a weakly coupled oscillator array of patch antennas at 10 GHz.