Application of the Kenschaft model to the analysis of the rubidium gas cell frequency standard

The Kenschaft model is a relatively simple, yet accurate, means to simulate the response of the physics package of a rubidium gas cell passive atomic frequency standard to a modulated microwave interrogating signal. It is based on an analysis of the response of a two-level atomic system to modulated RF, and can be represented in the form of a block diagram. This model allows the relevant physical parameters to be identified and adjusted, and yields responses that show remarkable agreement with actual hardware.