Integrated microfluidic system for electrochemical sensing of glycoslated hemoglobin

Accurate detection of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA
_1C
) usually requires a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. Therefore, this paper reports an integrated microfluidic chip capable of detecting the concentration of HbA
_1C
in an automatic format. The integrated microfluidic system was fabricated by using microelectromechanical system (MEMS) techniques, which can perform several crucial process involved for detection of HbA
_1C
on a single chip, including separation of red blood cells (RBC), sample/reagent transportation, mixing, cell lysis, and an electrochemical sensing. Experimental data showed that the developed system can successfully detect the concentration of purified HbA
_1C
samples. The development of the integrated microfluidic system may be promising for monitoring of metabolic diseases.