A dual-mode mm-wave injection-locked frequency divider with greater than 18% locking range in 65nm CMOS

A dual-mode mm-wave injection locked frequency divider operating at 39.5 and 59.5 GHz is presented. Achieving a locking range of 18% and 20% in divide-by-2 and 3 modes, it consumes 4 mW from a 0.8 V supply. Implemented in a bulk CMOS 65 nm technology, it occupies a core area of 0.03 mm
²
. The dual-mode operation is enabled by differential direct injection and Miller capacitance de-tuning. Two new figure-of-merits for proper comparison of ILFDs are also presented.