Diagnosis on increase in electrostatic charging tendency of mineral insulating oil for power transformers due to aging

Diagnosis on electrostatic charging tendency (ECT) of mineral insulating oil for power transformers has been performed. Increase in the ECT is derived from sulfonium ions, which are generated by sulfoxide compounds and hydrogen ions. Strong correlation between the ECT and the sulfoxide concentration is obtained in a series of thermal aging tests with oxygen and/or copper catalyst. The volume resistivity of oil is used as an alternative indicator for the concentration of hydrogen ion because hydrogen ions increase the electrical conductivity of oil and the sensitivity of conventional property such as total acid value is too low to evaluate the aging deterioration of closed-type transformers. Analysis of oils extracted from 98 actual transformers, whose operating years are between 3 and 46 years, are performed. High ECT values more than 200 pC/ml are detected in some oils and their volume resistivity values are less than 4 × 10
¹⁴
Ωcm. Degree of the correlation between the ECT and the sulfoxide concentration is low compared to the result of the thermal aging tests. A diagnostic map with four areas classified using a pair of indicators of volume resistivity and sulfoxide concentration is useful to predict prospective increases in the ECT. Appropriate transformer operation and maintenance including air exposure avoidance of their mineral insulating oils is one of the effective solutions to prevent the ECT from increasing.