Optimum power transmission of wireless sensors embedded in concrete

We present the feasibility and optimization of wireless powering of sensors embedded in concrete that relies on a plane wave propagation model. Transmission loss and propagation loss of RF wave penetrating into concrete at different humidity conditions are calculated for various frequencies. An optimum frequency range within 20–80 MHz is identified for the wireless power transmission and is validated through antenna coupling full-wave EM simulations. The effects of reinforced bars to the propagation of RF power are also analyzed.