Fault-tolerant design of neural networks for solving optimization problems

First, the incorporation of the alternative ways of representing the solution to the traveling salesman problem by neural network is proposed to deal with the asymmetric tolerance of neural networks to unidirectional faults. Next, in order to cope with the simultaneous occurrence of a s-a-0 and s-a-1 faults, the triplication scheme with a proper merging function is considered. Finally, the combination of the alternative representations and the triplication scheme is used.