Reactive power optimization with different objectives in large power systems including HVDC systems and FACTS devices

Present day power systems are growing in size and complexity of operation with inter connections to neighboring systems, introduction of large generating units, EHV 400/765 kV AC transmission systems, HVDC systems and more sophisticated control devices such as FACTS. For planning and operational studies, it requires suitable modeling of all components in the power system, as the number of HVDC systems and FACTS devices of different type are incorporated in the system. This paper presents reactive power optimization with three objectives to minimize the sum of the squares of the voltage deviations (v
_e
) of the load buses, minimization of sum of squares of voltage stability L-indices of load buses (¿L
²
), and also the system real power loss (P
_loss
) minimization. The proposed methods have been tested on typical sample system. Results for Indian 96-bus equivalent system including HVDC terminal and UPFC under normal and contingency conditions are presented.