Modelling ultrasonic wave propagation in a multilayered medium for resistance spot welding

This paper presents the results of modelling ultrasonic wave propagation in multi-layered media. Using a Finite Element Method (FEM), the analysis facilitates an improved understanding of wave behaviour within a typical weld stack-up, enabling one to better visualize phenomena associated with its propagation. In particular, the models developed in this work account for various weld-tip geometries. Here, inhomogeneity is generated by means of an uneven temperature distribution within the sample, in some cases giving rise to material phase transformation.