Sea-State Determination Using GNSS-R Data

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals can be used to infer geophysical data related to the surface where they scatter. When dealing with the sea surface, its state influences the GNSS scattered signals and, therefore, the GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) observables. The aim of the Advanced L-band Emissivity and Reflectivity Observations of the Sea Surface 2008 field experiment was to gather experimental data to study the relationship of the GNSS-R delay-Doppler maps (DDMs) and the sea state. This work describes the field campaign and the main results obtained, where among them is the use of the DDM volume as a roughness descriptor weakly affected by the GPS satellite geometry.