Properties of and generalized full-wave transmission line models for hybrid (Bi)(an)isotropic waveguides

In this paper single and coupled equivalent transmission lines are developed for the propagation of modes in reciprocal and nonreciprocal, anisotropic, bi-isotropic, and bi-anisotropic waveguides. The transmission lines are described by the generalized telegrapher's equations. In order to develop these transmission line models some properties related to reciprocity, bi-directionality, and mirroring, of general waveguides and generalized transmission lines are investigated. The transmission line models are based on the reciprocity theorem and are valid for arbitrary frequencies.