Extensions to Backward Propagation of Variance for Statistical Modeling

Editor's note:Correlating the statistics of process parameters with the statistics of electrical performance is a vital task in statistical modeling. This article describes a more general form of the backward propagation of variance (BPV) method, a numerical technique for iteratively solving the statistics of process parameters from the statistics of electrical performance within the behavior of models encapsulated in Spice.—Frank Liu, IBM Austin Research Lab