Training effect of polyaniline soft actuators

Training effect of artificial muscles based on conducting polymers of polyaniline (PANi) films will be mentioned. The training effect was observed for the film after applying the tensile loads higher than 3MPa. The strokes after experience of the high tensile loads showed the lager stroke than that before by 5%. The result is discussed by taking the anisotropic deformation or creeping of the films into consideration.