MEMS-Based Dual-Axes Confocal Microendoscopy

In this paper, we demonstrate a miniature, near-infrared microscope (λ = 785 nm) that uses a novel dual-axes confocal architecture. Scalability is achieved with postobjective scanning, and a microelectromechanical systems mirror provide real-time (>4 Hz) in vivo imaging. This instrument can achieve subcellular resolution with deep tissue penetration and large field of view. An endoscope-compatible version can image digestive tract epithelium to guide tissue biopsy and monitor therapy.