A motion description language and a hybrid architecture for motion planning with nonholonomic robots

This paper puts forward a formal basis for behavior-based robotics, using techniques that have been successful in control-theory-based approaches for steering and stabilizing robots that are subject to nonholonomic constraints. In particular, behaviors for robots are formalized in terms of kinetic state machines, a motion description language, and the interaction of the kinetic state machine with real-time information from (limited range) sensors. This formalization allows us to create a mathematical basis for the study of such systems, including techniques for integrating sets of behaviors. In addition we suggest optimality criteria for comparing both atomic and compound behaviors in various environments. A hybrid architecture for the implementation of path planners that uses the motion description language is also presented.