A new node deployment scheme for wireless sensor networks

Clustering techniques in routing protocols can increase the scalability of wireless sensor networks and enable the efficient utilization of the limited energy resources. However, an unequal load on the cluster head nodes results in the problem of unbalanced energy consumption, which reduces network lifetime. We propose a nonuniform density (NUD) model for wireless sensor networks and study the optimal node deployment scheme in theory. Simulation results show that NUD can maintain more equal energy dissipation among the cluster heads and obviously prolongs the network lifetime.