Electro-mechanical characteristics of lead-zirconate-titanate ceramics under vibration-level change

Electro-mechanical characteristics by changing the vibration-level were studied in lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) based ceramics using the constant current/velocity driving method. The fractional changes of Young's modulus and mechanical dissipation factor are a function of the square of the effective vibration velocity. The increase of the dissipated-vibration-energy with the vibration-level change causes heat generation. Ferroelectric hysteresis loss is assumed to affect the dissipated-vibration-energy through the mechanical dissipation factor.