Flywheel oscillator for atomic fountain clocks using ultra-stable lasers and a fiber-based optical frequency comb

We demonstrate the use of a fiber-based femtosecond laser locked onto an ultrastable optical cavity to generate a low-noise microwave reference signal. Comparison with both a cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO) and a titanium-sapphire-based optical frequency comb system exhibit a stability of about 3×10
⁻¹⁵
between 1 and 10 s. The microwave signal from the fiber system is used to perform Ramsey spectroscopy in a state-of-the-art cesium fountain clock. The resulting clock is compared to the CSO and exhibits a stability of 3.5×10
⁻¹⁴
τ
^−½
.