Motor controls for Ex motors in hazardous areas; an application guide!

This paper is meant to be a clear guide for people working with different motors in different types of protection for different hazardous areas and all the applicable required safety devices necessary for the safe functioning of the motor. The regulation for explosion safety, stated in European Directives 94/9/EC and 1999/92/EC, is not limited to product standards but also referring to installation standards. This application guide describes all possible combinations from direct on line to frequency controlled, from Ex n to Ex p motors and from gas zone 2 up to dust zone 21. Which type of protection is required and what is the necessary protection device? How to adjust the protection device and is an overall certification required? All those questions will be answered in this paper.