From artificial to collective intelligence: Perspectives and implications

Artificial Intelligence (AI), in its long journey since inception in 1956, has seen many cycles of successes and failures. It has undergone major focal transformations, both in terms of philosophical directions and the areas attracting generous funding. The journey of AI from Turing's test to current state of the art techniques, and their applications, can be seen as the A'B'C'D' of Artificial Intelligence; with A to mean dasiaArtificialpsila, B denoting 'Builtin', C standing for dasiaCollectivepsila and D for 'Derived' Intelligence. In this paper, we have tried to track important defining paradigms of AI and demonstrate how Collective Intelligence, the new AI perspective, is enriching computational intelligence techniques, the World Wide Web (Web) and research in social sciences.