FDTD modeling of switching noise in multi-layered digital circuits with CMOS inverters and passive lumped elements

Multi-layered digital circuits such as LSI packages, has been analyzed by using a Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. Linear lumped elements, resistors and capacitors, and nonlinear lumped elements, CMOS drivers, are included in the analyses. Various noises as well as digital pulse propagation in multi-layered circuits are effectively analyzed by this technique.