Coupling-efficiency analysis and control of dual antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides

We have developed the necessary theory to analyze the coupling efficiency of dual ARROW waveguides. Based on the theory, we have found that the coupling efficiency of dual ARROW waveguides can be flexibly controlled from a 100% value to zero by simply varying the outermost cladding thickness. BPM simulations also give same results and verify the theory. The theory and simulation results can be efficiently applied to designing an ARROW power divider with any specified power ratio.