A Hybrid Approach Based on PSO and Hadamard Difference Sets for the Synthesis of Square Thinned Arrays

A hybrid approach for the synthesis of planar thinned antenna arrays is presented. The proposed solution exploits and combines the most attractive features of a particle swarm algorithm and those of a combinatorial method based on the noncyclic difference sets of Hadamard type. Numerical experiments validate the proposed solution, showing improvements with respect to previous results.