Antennas design considerations for personal communications user protection

A phased array antenna is shown to be capable of reducing, by about 11 dB, the radio frequency exposure of the head of a personal communications handset user at frequencies near 2 GHz. Overall efficiency and azimuth coverage are simultaneously improved. Chosen regions in the head may be given greater protection by exciting the phased array to produce field cancellation at a point in the antenna's near field.