Nonlinear pyroelectric energy harvesting from relaxor single crystals

Energy harvesting from temperature variations in a Pb(Zn
_1/3
Nb
_2/3
)
_0.955
Ti
_0.045
O
₃
single crystal was studied and evaluated using the Ericsson thermodynamic cycle. The efficiency of this cycle related to Carnot cycle is 100 times higher than direct pyroelectric energy harvesting, and it can be as high as 5.5% for a 10degC temperature variation and 2 kV/mm electric field. The amount of harvested energy for a 60degC temperature variation and 2 kV/mm electric field is 242.7 mJmiddotcm
^-3
. The influence of ferroelectric phase transitions on the energy harvesting performance is discussed and illustrated with experimental results.