Experimental Study of the Lasing Modes of 1.3-$\mu$m Highly Strained InGaAs–GaAs Quantum-Well Oxide-Confined VCSELs

We present an experimental study of the main modes involved in the emission properties of InGaAs-GaAs quantum-well oxide-confined long wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Lasing properties are dominated by the so-called "oxide modes" and by aperture modes, respectively, for small and large driving currents. We present complementary investigations of the laser emission including far-field angular distribution and spectroscopic near-field optical microscopy to a better understanding of the nature of the "oxide modes".