Mutual coupling in phased arrays for 3×4 Butler Matrices antenna network

This paper presents the effects of mutual coupling between the elements of an array, Mutual coupling between antenna elements can distort array pattern and increase reflected power to antenna feed system, To examine these effects in microstrip antenna arrays with 3times4 Butler matrix, prototypes of multilayer slot coupled and the Butler matrix were simulated. Furthermore, a four-antenna array was also designed at 12 GHz and then connected to the matrix to form a beamforming antenna system. As a result, three orthogonal beams at -25deg, 25deg, and 0deg are produced.