An Improved Representation of FACTS Controller Semiconductor Losses in EMTP-Type Programs Using Accurate Loss-Power Injection Into Network Solution

This paper extends previous approaches that use electromagnetic transient simulation to estimate the switching and conduction losses of insulated-gate bipolar transistor-based voltage-sourced converters embedded in large electrical networks. In contrast to earlier approaches, which merely estimate and report the device loss, the proposed new model also reflects this loss back into the electrical network model using a controlled voltage source. Additionally, an improved representation of the semiconductor switch in the flexible AC transmission system controller is introduced. This new representation has a mathematically simpler form in comparison to earlier approaches and yet permits the use of a relatively large time step.