Ecological supply chains design mechanism based on virtual enterprises

In this paper, the concept of ecological supply chain (ESC) and primary design principles of ESC are discussed. And the paper shows that companies can gain economical, social and environmental efficiencies simultaneously from implementing ESC. The organization framework, the operational process, the dynamic durative of virtual enterprise, those are expounded in detail. Evaluation of virtual enterprises for ESC operation is based on the firms' multi-criteria which are qualitative or quantitative. By using fuzzy AHP technique, the hierarchical and the multi-criteria decision making problems for virtual enterprise are considered and the optimized selection is presented.