Compact Multiband Folded 3-D Monopole Antenna

In this letter, we present the design and the detailed analysis of a novel antenna based on the monopole element for multiband mobile handsets. The proposed antenna is a hex-band antenna that covers the 800/900/1800/1900, 2100, and the 2400 bands. The antenna is folded in 3-D providing a compact form to enable its implementation internally without compromising its performance. It is optimized through extensive numerical simulations and experimental prototyping. Different design parameters are identified and their effects on the antenna performance is presented. The antenna performance is shown through the simulated and measured return loss as well as the simulated radiation patterns and efficiency. Its total volume is only 1.6 cm
³
. The results show good return loss, radiation patterns, and efficiency performance.