MaizeRouter: Engineering an Effective Global Router

In this paper, we present the complete design and architectural details of MaizeRouter. MaizeRouter reflects a significant leap in progress over existing publicly available routing tools yet relies upon relatively simple operations, including
extreme

edge

shifting
, a technique aimed primarily at the efficient reduction of routing congestion, and
edge

retraction
, a counterpart to extreme edge shifting that serves to reduce unnecessary wirelength. We present enhanced variations of these operations to enable the
rapid

exploration
of candidate paths, along with a form of
dynamic

cost

deflation
that provides our various path computation procedures with progressively more accurate (and less optimistic) cost information as search continues. These algorithmic contributions are built upon a framework of
interdependent
net decomposition, a representation that improves upon traditional two-pin net decomposition by preventing duplication of routing resources while enabling cheap and incremental topological reconstruction. Collectively, these operations permit a broad search space that previous algorithms have been unable to achieve, resulting in solutions of considerably higher quality than those of well-established routers.