Subionospheric VLF/LF probing of ionospheric perturbations associated with earthquakes (earthquake prediction)

The VLF/LF receiving network is established in Japan (and also Kamchatka, Taiwan and Indonesia) composed of seven observing stations (Moshiri (Hokkaido), Chofu (UEC), Tateyama (Chiba), Shimizu, Kasugai (Nagoya) and Kochi). At each station we observe simultaneously several VLF/LF transmitter signals (Japanese JJI (40 kHz, Fukushima), JJI (Ebino, Kyusyu), and foreign VLF transmitters (NWC (Australia), NPM (Hawaii), NLK (USA). This Japanese VLF/LF network is used to study the ionospheric perturbations associated with earthquakes, and we present a few case studies (like Niigata Chuetsu earthquake, Sumatra earthquake) and statistical studies on the correlation between ionospheric perturbations (in the form of VLF/LF propagation anomaly) and earthquakes.