A 60-GHz single-balance gate-pumped down-conversion mixer with reduced-size rat-race hybrid on 130-nm CMOS process

60-GHz compact single-balanced gate-pumped mixer using standard bulk 0.13-μm CMOS process is presented. This mixer utilized a new reduced-size rat-race hybrid, composed of a thin-film microstrip (TFMS) line spiral broad-side coupled Marchand balun and two λ/4 lines. The overall chip size including pads is 0.8 × 0.7 mm
²
. At RF of 58–65 GHz, IF of 4.5 GHz, and low LO power of 3 dBm, a conversion gain between 0.5 to −2.7 dB, input-referred 1-dB compression point of −6 dBm, and LO to RF isolation greater than 33 dB were measured with a drain bias of 1.5 V and total current of 5 mA .