Integrated true-time-delay-based ultra-wideband array processing

This article covers the basic principles of true-time-delay (TTD)-based space-time array processors and ultra-wideband beamformers. General considerations regarding the need for TTD array processing, optimum array size, antenna spacing, and array patterns are discussed for communication and imaging UWB arrays. Several recent integrated circuit implementations of UWB TTD-based beamformers are presented. A few commercial applications that warrant UWB TTD-based array processing, with emphasis on imaging and sensing, are also described.